Line Following Robot

Project Overview

The Line Following Robot is a compact and versatile autonomous vehicle designed to follow a predetermined path, typically represented by a black or white line on a contrasting surface. This project introduces students to the core principles of robotics, sensors, and control systems, making it an excellent platform for learning about automation, programming, and engineering concepts.

Components

• Arduino Uno

• Ultrasonic Distance Sensor (HC-SR04)

• Servo Motor

• Breadboard and Connecting Wires

• Power Supply (5V for Arduino and Servo)

• USB cable for Arduino Uno programming

Circuit Diagram :

Steps to Build the Project :

Connect the IR Sensor to Arduino:

• VCC → 5V on Arduino Nano

• GND → GND on Arduino Nano

• OUT → Digital Pin 2 on Arduino Nano

Connect the Servo Motor to Arduino:

• Signal (Control) → Digital Pin 3 on Arduino Uno

• VCC → 5V on Arduino Uno

• GND → GND on Arduino Uno

Arduino Code :

#include <Servo.h>

#define IR_SENSOR_PIN 2 // IR sensor connected to digital pin D2

#define SERVO_PIN 9 // Servo motor connected to digital pin D9

#define OPEN_POSITION 90 // Angle to open the dustbin lid

#define CLOSE_POSITION 0 // Angle to close the dustbin lid

Servo servo;

void setup() {

pinMode(IR_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);

servo.attach(SERVO_PIN);

servo.write(CLOSE_POSITION); // Start with the lid closed

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop() {

int sensorValue = digitalRead(IR_SENSOR_PIN);

if (sensorValue == LOW) { // Object detected (IR sensor output is LOW when detecting)

Serial.println("Object detected. Opening lid...");

servo.write(OPEN_POSITION); // Open the lid

delay(5000); // Keep the lid open for 5 seconds

servo.write(CLOSE_POSITION); // Close the lid

} else {

Serial.println("No object detected.");

}

delay(200); // Small delay for stability

}

Code File

Testing the System :

• Connect the IR Sensor, Servo Motor, and LED as per the circuit diagram.

• Upload the code to the Arduino using the Arduino IDE.

***Happy Tinkering***